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AirQuest
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Airpedia
- Foreword
- Chapter 1
- Chapter 2
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6
- Chapter 7
- Chapter 8
- Chapter 9
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Airpedia

Airpedia is the AIRQUEST knowledge section on air quality, air pollution, monitoring methods, public health, regional policy, and practical actions for cleaner air in the Black Sea Basin.

Contents

Foreword

Open chapter

1. Black Sea Basin

Open chapter
1.1. The Importance of the Black Sea Basin, Its Geographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
1.2. The Ecological Importance of the Black Sea Basin
1.3. Black Sea Basin Countries and Common Environmental Challenges

2. Key Components of Air Pollution in the Black Sea Basin

Open chapter
2.1. What is Air Pollution
2.2. Air Pollutants Causing Air Pollution
2.2.1. Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
2.2.2. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
2.2.3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
2.2.4. Ozone (O3)
2.2.5. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
2.2.6. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
2.2.7. Lead (Pb)
2.2.8. Other Pollutants
2.3. Relationship Between Pollutants and Meteorological Variables
2.4. Air Quality Index (AQI) and Assessment Criteria

3. Causes of Air Pollution

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3.1. Fossil Fuel Use and Energy Production
Black Sea Region Countries
Strategies to Prevent Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels
3.2. Industrial and Factory Emissions
Black Sea Region Countries
Impact on the Black Sea Ecosystem
Solutions for Reducing Industrial Air Pollution
3.3. Transport and Transportation Systems
Road Transport
Maritime Transport
Air Transport
Rail Transport
Black Sea Region Countries
Strategies to Combat Transportation-Related Air Pollution
3.4. Agricultural Activities and Open-Air Burning
Primary Pollutants from Agriculture
Open-Air Burning of Crop Residues
Black Sea Region Countries
Strategies to Prevent Agricultural Air Pollution
3.5. Domestic Heating and Waste Burning
Fuels Used in Domestic Heating
Harmful Components from Burning
Household Waste Incineration
Black Sea Region Countries
Prevention Strategies
3.6. Maritime Activities
Emissions from Ships
Port Operations
Black Sea Region Countries
Regulations and Solutions

4. Effects of Air Pollution

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4.1. Effects on Human Health
4.1.1. Effects on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases
4.1.2. Effects on Pregnant Women
4.1.3. Negative Effects on Mental Health
4.2. Environmental Effects
4.2.1. Effects on Vegetation and Ecosystems
4.2.2. Effects on Soil Quality
4.2.3. Effects on Water Quality
4.2.4. Impacts on Natural Heritage and Landscape
4.2.5. The Role in Desertification and Sandstorms
4.3. Economic Impacts
4.3.1. Increase in Health Expenditures
4.3.2. Productivity Loss and Impacts on Labor Force
4.3.3. Loss in Agriculture and Food Production
4.3.4. Impact on Energy and Heating Costs
4.3.5. Decline in Tourism and Real Estate Values
4.3.6. Increase in Infrastructure and Cleaning Expenditures
4.3.7. Insurance and Compensation Costs
4.3.8. Impact on Long-Term Growth
4.4. Its Relationship with Climate Change

5. Air Pollution in the Black Sea Basin Countries

Open chapter
5.1. Türkiye
5.2. Bulgaria
5.3. Romania
5.4. Ukraine

6. Air Quality Monitoring and Measurement

Open chapter
6.1. Air Quality Monitoring Stations
6.2. Air Quality Monitoring via Satellite Observations
1. OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) – NASA / KNMI
2. GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment – 2) – EUMETSAT
3. VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) – NOAA/NASA
4. CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) – NASA / CNES
5. TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution) – NASA (Scheduled for launch soon)
6.3. Mobile Applications and Real-Time Monitoring
IQAir – AirVisual
Plume Labs – Air Report

7. Air Pollution Control Policies

Open chapter
7.1. National Legislation and Standards
7.1.1. Türkiye
7.1.2. Romania
7.1.3. Bulgaria
7.1.4. Ukraine
7.1.5. Other Countries
7.2. International Agreements and Protocols
7.2.1. UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)
7.2.2. Paris Climate Agreement (Paris Agreement)
7.2.3. Kyoto Protocol
7.2.4. The Barcelona Convention
7.2.5. Stockholm Convention – Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
7.2.6. Other Important Agreements
7.3. Black Sea Cooperation Organization (BSEC) and Environmental Approaches
7.3.1. The Ecological Vulnerability and Environmental Threats of the Black Sea
7.3.2. BSEC Environmental Protection Working Group: From Policy to Practice
7.3.3. Compliance with International Agreements and Implementation Support
7.3.4. International Partnerships and Project Collaborations
7.3.5. Green Economy and Low-Carbon Strategies
7.3.6. Sectoral Alignment and Climate Resilience
7.4. Success Stories and Best Practice Examples
7.4.1. Oslo
7.4.2. London
7.4.3. Barcelona
7.4.4. Beijing
7.4.5. Bogotá
7.4.6. C40 Clean Air Accelerator
7.4.7. Bulgaria – Sofia Electric Bus Project
7.4.8. Romania – Bucharest Air Quality Monitoring Network
7.4.9. Ukraine – Dnipro Clean Air Plan
7.4.10. Türkiye – Dilovası OSB Industrial Emission Controls

8. Individual and Social Responsibility

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8.1. Measures Individuals Can Take
8.1.1. Choosing Clean Transportation Options
8.1.2. Reducing Energy Consumption and Using Clean Energy
8.1.3. Avoidance of the Burning of Household Waste
8.1.4. Reviewing Consumption Habits
8.1.5. Afforestation and Contributions to Green Spaces
8.1.6. Raising Awareness and Educating Others
8.2. Creating Change in Schools and Communities
8.2.1. The Power of Education: Creating Awareness in Schools
8.2.2. Promoting Participation and Transformation in Society
8.2.3. Joint Projects and Stakeholder Participation
8.2.4. From Awareness to Behavioral Change
8.3. The Role of Civil Society Organizations
8.4. The Use of Media and Digital Tools
8.5. The Role of Local Governments

9. Recommendations for the Future

Open chapter
9.1. Clean Energy Transition
9.2. Strengthening Regional Cooperation
9.3. Supporting Education and Scientific Research
9.4. Common Action Plan for the Black Sea Basin
9.5. Measures to Improve Air Quality

10. Short Information Notes

Open chapter
10.1. Precautions to Take at Home
10.2. Safe Movement and Behavior Outdoors
10.3. Nature, Trees, and Green Spaces
10.4. Scientific Facts and Types of Air Pollution
10.5. Global Impact and Future Scenarios
10.6. Interesting Facts

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Contact Person: Gökhan GÜRBÜZ (gokhan.gurbuz@beun.edu.tr)

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